First-Time Importer? Here's Your 10-Step Customs Checklist
Importing into the US for the first time can feel overwhelming — unfamiliar acronyms, government agencies, and forms everywhere. This checklist breaks the process into 10 manageable steps so you know exactly what to do before your first shipment leaves the factory.
1. Get an Importer of Record (IOR) Number
Your IOR number is typically your IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN) for businesses, or your Social Security Number for individuals. CBP uses this to track your import activity and assess your compliance history over time.
2. Choose a Licensed Customs Broker
While you can technically self-file entries, almost all importers use a licensed broker. We're tested and licensed by CBP, carry continuous bonds, and are legally accountable for the accuracy of filings made on your behalf.
3. Determine If You Need a Customs Bond
A continuous bond (typically $50,000 minimum) guarantees payment of duties, taxes, and fees to CBP. If you import more than a few times per year, a continuous bond is usually more cost-effective than a single-entry bond for each shipment.
4. Confirm Your HTS Classification
Before you place your first order, know your product's correct 10-digit HTS code. This determines your duty rate and whether any additional tariffs, quotas, or PGA requirements apply.
5. Check for PGA Requirements
Many products require approval from agencies beyond CBP — FDA for food and cosmetics, USDA for agricultural products, CPSC for consumer products, and others. Confirm early so you're not surprised by a hold at the border.
6. Negotiate the Right Incoterm
Your Incoterm (FOB, CIF, DDP, etc.) determines who's responsible for freight, insurance, and customs clearance at each stage of the shipment. First-time importers often default to whatever the supplier suggests — make sure you understand what you're agreeing to.
7. Gather Required Documents
At minimum, you'll need a commercial invoice, packing list, and Bill of Lading or Air Waybill. Depending on your product, you may also need a Certificate of Origin, FDA Prior Notice, or other supporting documents.
8. File ISF (For Ocean Shipments)
If shipping by ocean, your broker must file the Importer Security Filing 24 hours before the vessel departs the foreign port. See our dedicated ISF guide for full details.
9. Understand Exam Risk
CBP examines roughly 3-5% of shipments. This isn't necessarily a red flag — it can be random. Build a few extra days of buffer into your supply chain timeline in case your shipment is selected.
10. Set Up Recordkeeping
US law requires you to retain import records for 5 years. Set up a simple system — physical or digital — from your very first shipment so you're never scrambling if CBP requests records later.
Your first shipment doesn't need to be stressful. Aurora works with first-time importers regularly and walks you through each of these steps personally — from setting up your bond to filing your very first entry. Reach out before your goods ship and we'll have everything ready on our end.